chapter 31
ThisiswhatMatthewArnoldcallsChristsmethodinhisteag.Whenthepoorwidowgavehermite,itwasnotwhatshegavethatChristcalledtheattentionofhishearersto,buthowshegaveit.Themoralistssaid,"Thoushaltnotitadultery."ButChristsaid,"Isayuntoyouthatwhosoeverlookethonawomantolustafterherhathalreadyittedadultery."
Inthesamewaythemoralistsinfuciustimesaid:Childrenmustcutfirewoodandcarrywaterfortheirparentsaothemthebestofthefoodandwihehouse:thatisfilialpeity.Butfuciussaid,"No;thatisnotfilialpiety."Truefilialpietydoesnotsistinthemereouterformaheseservicestoourparents.Truefilialpietysistsinhow,inwhatmanner,withiritweperformtheseservices.Thedifficulty,saidfucius,iswiththemannerofdoingit.Itis,Iwillfinallysayhere,byvirtueofthismethodinhisteag,oflookingintotheinwardnessofmoralasthatfuciusbees,notastheChristianmissionariessay,ameremoralistandphilosopher,butagreatandtruereligiousteacher.
Asafurtherillustrationoffuciusmethod,takethepresentreformmovementina.Theso-calledprogressivemandarinslausefrnneersaremakingagreatfuss_evengoingtoEuropeandAmerica,_tryingtofindoutwhatreformstoadoptina.Butunfortuhesalvationofawillnotdependuponwhatreformsaremadebytheseprogressivemandarins,butuponhowthesereformsarecarriedout.Itseemsapitythattheseprogressivemandarins,_insteadofgoingtoEuropeandAmerica,tostudystitutioncouldnotbemadetostayathomeandstudyfucius.Foruntilthesemandarinstaketoheartfuciusteagandhismethodandattendtothehowinsteadofthewhatinthismatterofreform,nothingbutiseryandsufferingwilleoutofthepresentreformmovementina.
TheotherartiDr.Giles"AdversariaSinica"whichIwillbrieflyexamine,isentitled_"Thefourclasses."
TheJapaneseBarozuinaninterviewsaidthattheJapanesedividedtheirpeopleintofourclasses,_soldiers,farmers,artisansandwarriors.UponthisDr.Gilessays."Itisincorrecttotranslateshih(rb)assoldier;thatisalatermeaning.&quilesfurthersays,"initsearliestusethewordshih(dr)referredtocivilians."
Nowthetruthisjustoherside.Initsearliestuse,thewordshih(dr)referredtogentlemenwhoinaa,asitisnowinEurope,borearms,_thenoblesseofthesword.Heheofficersandsoldiersofanarmywerespokenofasshihtsu.
Thecivilianofficialclassinaawerecalledshi_clericus.Whenthefeudalsysteminawasabolished(.B.C.,)andfightingceasedtobetheonlyprofessiolemen,thiscivilianofficialclassroseintoprominence,becamelawyersandstitutedthenoblesseoftherobeasdistinguishedfromtheshihthenoblesseofthesword.
H.E.theViceroygofWugonceaskedmewhythe
fnsulswhowerecivilfunaries,wheninfulldress,woreswords.InreplyIsaidthatitwasbecausetheywereshihwhiaameantnotacivilianscholar,butagentlemanwhoborearmsandservedinthearmy.H.E.agreedadaygaveordersthatallthepupilsintheschoolsinWugshouldwearmilitaryuniform.
ThisquestionthereforewhichDr.Gileshasraisedwhethertheesewordshihmeansacivilianoramilitarymanhasagreatpractiterest.Forthequestioheraiurewillbeindepeoreunderafnyokewilldependupohershewilleverhaveaneffitarmyandthatquestionagainwilldependupohertheeducatedandgclassinawilleverregairueameaningandceptionofthewordshihnotascivilianscholar,butasagentlemanwhobearsarmsandisabletodefendhistryagainstaggression.
ESESCHOLARSHIP
PARTI
Notlongagoabodyofmissionariescreatedagreatdealofamusementbystylingthemselves,onthecoverofsomestifictracts,as"famoussavants"suju(Titfill).Theideawasofcourseextremelyridiculous.ThereiscertainlynotoneamaninthewholeEmpirewhowouldveatetohimselftheesewordju,whicludesinitallthehighestattributesofascholarorliterarymaenhear,however,aEuropeanspokenofasaesescholar.IntheadvertisementoftheaReview,wearetoldthat"amongthemissionariesahighdegreeofesescholarshipisassiduouslycultivated."Alististhengivenulartributors,"all,"wearetobelieve,"well-knownnames,indicativeofsoundscholarshipandthhmasteryoftheirsubject."
Nowioestimatethehighdegreeofscholarshipsaidtobeassiduouslycultivatedbythemissionarybodiesina,itisnotnecessarytotakesuchhighidealstandardsasthosepropouheGermanFichteinhislecturesupoeraryMan,ortheAmeriEmersoninhisLiteraryEthics.ThelateAmeriMioGermany,Mr.Taylor,wasaowledgedtobeagreatGermanscholar;butthoughanEnglishmanwhohasreadafewplaysofSchiller,orsenttoamagazinesomeversestranslatedfromHeine,mightbethoughtaGermanscholaramonghisteadrinkingcircles,hewouldscarcelyhavehisnameappearassuprintorplacard.YetamongEuropeansinathepublicationofafewdialoguesinsomeprovincialpatois,orcolleofahundredproverbs,atoles
amantobecalledaesescholar.Thereis,ofcourse,noharminaname,and,withtheexterritorialclauseireaty,anEnglishmaninamightwithimpunitycallhimselffuciusifsoitpleaseshim.
Wehavebeeosiderthisquestionbecauseitisthoughtbysomethatesescholarshiphaspassed,orispassing,theearlypi,andisabouttoenteraage,whenstudentsofesewillentwithdiary-pilingorsuchotherbrick-carryingwork,butattemptswillbemadeatworksofstru,attranslationsofthemostperfectspesofthenationalliterature,andnotonlyjudgment,butfinaljudgment,supportedwithreasonsandarguments,bepassedupoveedheeseliteraryPantheon.Wenowproposetoexami,howfaritistruethattheknowledgeofeseamongEuropeansisundergoingthisge;ndly,whathasalreadybeendoneinesescholarship;rdly,whatistheactualstateofesescholarshipatthepresentday;andiplace,topointoutwhatweceiveesescholarshipshouldbe.Ithasbeensaidthatadwarfstandingupontheshouldersofagiantisapttoimaginehimselfofgreaterdimensionsthanthegiant;still,itmustbeadmittedthatthedwarf,withtheadvantageofhisposition,willcertainlyandawiderandmoreextensivevieill,therefore,standingupontheshouldersofthoserecededus,takeasurveyofthepast,present,andfutureofesescholarship;andif,inourattempt,weshouldbeledtoexpressopinionsnotwhollyofapprovalofthosewhohavegonebeforeus,theseopinions,wehope,maynotbestruedtoimplythatweinanylumeourselvesuponoursuperiority:weclaimonlytheadvantageofourposition.松语文学www.16sy.coM免费小说阅读
Inthesamewaythemoralistsinfuciustimesaid:Childrenmustcutfirewoodandcarrywaterfortheirparentsaothemthebestofthefoodandwihehouse:thatisfilialpeity.Butfuciussaid,"No;thatisnotfilialpiety."Truefilialpietydoesnotsistinthemereouterformaheseservicestoourparents.Truefilialpietysistsinhow,inwhatmanner,withiritweperformtheseservices.Thedifficulty,saidfucius,iswiththemannerofdoingit.Itis,Iwillfinallysayhere,byvirtueofthismethodinhisteag,oflookingintotheinwardnessofmoralasthatfuciusbees,notastheChristianmissionariessay,ameremoralistandphilosopher,butagreatandtruereligiousteacher.
Asafurtherillustrationoffuciusmethod,takethepresentreformmovementina.Theso-calledprogressivemandarinslausefrnneersaremakingagreatfuss_evengoingtoEuropeandAmerica,_tryingtofindoutwhatreformstoadoptina.Butunfortuhesalvationofawillnotdependuponwhatreformsaremadebytheseprogressivemandarins,butuponhowthesereformsarecarriedout.Itseemsapitythattheseprogressivemandarins,_insteadofgoingtoEuropeandAmerica,tostudystitutioncouldnotbemadetostayathomeandstudyfucius.Foruntilthesemandarinstaketoheartfuciusteagandhismethodandattendtothehowinsteadofthewhatinthismatterofreform,nothingbutiseryandsufferingwilleoutofthepresentreformmovementina.
TheotherartiDr.Giles"AdversariaSinica"whichIwillbrieflyexamine,isentitled_"Thefourclasses."
TheJapaneseBarozuinaninterviewsaidthattheJapanesedividedtheirpeopleintofourclasses,_soldiers,farmers,artisansandwarriors.UponthisDr.Gilessays."Itisincorrecttotranslateshih(rb)assoldier;thatisalatermeaning.&quilesfurthersays,"initsearliestusethewordshih(dr)referredtocivilians."
Nowthetruthisjustoherside.Initsearliestuse,thewordshih(dr)referredtogentlemenwhoinaa,asitisnowinEurope,borearms,_thenoblesseofthesword.Heheofficersandsoldiersofanarmywerespokenofasshihtsu.
Thecivilianofficialclassinaawerecalledshi_clericus.Whenthefeudalsysteminawasabolished(.B.C.,)andfightingceasedtobetheonlyprofessiolemen,thiscivilianofficialclassroseintoprominence,becamelawyersandstitutedthenoblesseoftherobeasdistinguishedfromtheshihthenoblesseofthesword.
H.E.theViceroygofWugonceaskedmewhythe
fnsulswhowerecivilfunaries,wheninfulldress,woreswords.InreplyIsaidthatitwasbecausetheywereshihwhiaameantnotacivilianscholar,butagentlemanwhoborearmsandservedinthearmy.H.E.agreedadaygaveordersthatallthepupilsintheschoolsinWugshouldwearmilitaryuniform.
ThisquestionthereforewhichDr.Gileshasraisedwhethertheesewordshihmeansacivilianoramilitarymanhasagreatpractiterest.Forthequestioheraiurewillbeindepeoreunderafnyokewilldependupohershewilleverhaveaneffitarmyandthatquestionagainwilldependupohertheeducatedandgclassinawilleverregairueameaningandceptionofthewordshihnotascivilianscholar,butasagentlemanwhobearsarmsandisabletodefendhistryagainstaggression.
ESESCHOLARSHIP
PARTI
Notlongagoabodyofmissionariescreatedagreatdealofamusementbystylingthemselves,onthecoverofsomestifictracts,as"famoussavants"suju(Titfill).Theideawasofcourseextremelyridiculous.ThereiscertainlynotoneamaninthewholeEmpirewhowouldveatetohimselftheesewordju,whicludesinitallthehighestattributesofascholarorliterarymaenhear,however,aEuropeanspokenofasaesescholar.IntheadvertisementoftheaReview,wearetoldthat"amongthemissionariesahighdegreeofesescholarshipisassiduouslycultivated."Alististhengivenulartributors,"all,"wearetobelieve,"well-knownnames,indicativeofsoundscholarshipandthhmasteryoftheirsubject."
Nowioestimatethehighdegreeofscholarshipsaidtobeassiduouslycultivatedbythemissionarybodiesina,itisnotnecessarytotakesuchhighidealstandardsasthosepropouheGermanFichteinhislecturesupoeraryMan,ortheAmeriEmersoninhisLiteraryEthics.ThelateAmeriMioGermany,Mr.Taylor,wasaowledgedtobeagreatGermanscholar;butthoughanEnglishmanwhohasreadafewplaysofSchiller,orsenttoamagazinesomeversestranslatedfromHeine,mightbethoughtaGermanscholaramonghisteadrinkingcircles,hewouldscarcelyhavehisnameappearassuprintorplacard.YetamongEuropeansinathepublicationofafewdialoguesinsomeprovincialpatois,orcolleofahundredproverbs,atoles
amantobecalledaesescholar.Thereis,ofcourse,noharminaname,and,withtheexterritorialclauseireaty,anEnglishmaninamightwithimpunitycallhimselffuciusifsoitpleaseshim.
Wehavebeeosiderthisquestionbecauseitisthoughtbysomethatesescholarshiphaspassed,orispassing,theearlypi,andisabouttoenteraage,whenstudentsofesewillentwithdiary-pilingorsuchotherbrick-carryingwork,butattemptswillbemadeatworksofstru,attranslationsofthemostperfectspesofthenationalliterature,andnotonlyjudgment,butfinaljudgment,supportedwithreasonsandarguments,bepassedupoveedheeseliteraryPantheon.Wenowproposetoexami,howfaritistruethattheknowledgeofeseamongEuropeansisundergoingthisge;ndly,whathasalreadybeendoneinesescholarship;rdly,whatistheactualstateofesescholarshipatthepresentday;andiplace,topointoutwhatweceiveesescholarshipshouldbe.Ithasbeensaidthatadwarfstandingupontheshouldersofagiantisapttoimaginehimselfofgreaterdimensionsthanthegiant;still,itmustbeadmittedthatthedwarf,withtheadvantageofhisposition,willcertainlyandawiderandmoreextensivevieill,therefore,standingupontheshouldersofthoserecededus,takeasurveyofthepast,present,andfutureofesescholarship;andif,inourattempt,weshouldbeledtoexpressopinionsnotwhollyofapprovalofthosewhohavegonebeforeus,theseopinions,wehope,maynotbestruedtoimplythatweinanylumeourselvesuponoursuperiority:weclaimonlytheadvantageofourposition.松语文学www.16sy.coM免费小说阅读
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并不代表本站立场!本站亦无法严格审:The Spirit of the Chinese People最新章节其版权归属。如您对The Spirit of the Chinese PeopleTXT下载持有版权方面的异议，请联系本站客服。我们将于72小时内处理。
Copyright (C) 2019 All Rights Reserved 版权所有：松语文学