chapter 34

  ESESCHOLARSHIP

  PARTII

  Mr.Faberhasmadetheremarkthattheesedonotuandanysystematicmethodofstifiquiry.helessinoneofeseClassics,called"HigherEducation*,"aworkwhichissideredbymostfnscholarsasaBookofPlatitudes,aationisgivenoftheorderinwhichthesystematicstudyofascholarshouldbepursued.Thestudentofeseotperhapsdobetterthanfollowthecourselaiddowninthatbookobeginhisstudywiththeindividual,toproceedfromtheindividualtothefamily,andfromthefamilytotheGover.

  First,then:itisnecessaryandindispensablethatthestudentshouldendeavourtoarriveatajustknowledgeoftheprinciplesofindividualductoftheese.Sedly,hewillexamineaheseprinciplesareappliedandcarriedoutintheplexsocialrelationsandfamilylifeofthepeople.Thirdly,hewillbeablethentogivehisattention,anddirecthisstudy,tothegoverandadministrativeinstitutionsofthetry.Suchaprogrammeaswehaveindicated,,ofcourse,befollowedoutonlyingeneraloutliocarryitfullyoutwouldrequirethedevotionandundividedenergiesofalmostawholelifetime.Butweshouldcertainlyrefusetosideraman,aesescholaroraattributetohimanyhighdegreeofscholarship,unlesshehadinsomewaymadehimselffamiliarwiththeprinciplesaboveindicated.TheGermaGoethesays:"Inthe*Knownamongfnersasthe"GreatLearning.worksofman,asinthoseofnature,whatisreallydeservingofattention,aboveeverything,is_theiion."Nowiudyofnationalcharacter,itisalsoofthefirstimportaopayattention,notonlytotheasandpracticeofthepeople,butalsototheirnotionsandtheories;togetaknowledgeofwhattheysiderasgoodandwhatasbad,whattheyregardasjustandwhatasunjust,whattheylookupoifulandwhatasiful,andhowtheydistinguishwisdomfromfoolishhisiswhatwemeanwhehatthestudentofeseshouldstudytheprinciplesofindividualduotherwords,wemeantosaythatyoumustgetatthenationalideals.Ifitisaskedhowthisistobeattained:weanswer,bythestudyofthenationalliterature,inwhichrevelationsofthebestandhighestaswellastheworstsideofthecharacterofapeopleberead.Theoneobject,therefore,whichshouldeheattentionofthefnstudentofese,isthestandardnationalliteratureofthepeople:whateverpreparatorystudiesitmaybynecessaryforhimtoghshouldserveonlyasmeanstowardstheattaiofthatoneobject.Letusnowseehowthestudentistostudytheeseliterature.

  "ThecivilisationsofEurope,"saysaGermanwriter,"restuponthoseofGreeeandPalestiheIndiansandPersiahesameAryanstockasthepeopleofEurope,ahereforerelated;andtheinflueheintercoursewiththeArabsduringtheMiddleAges,uponEuropeanculturehasothisday,altogetherdisappeared."Butasfortheese,theinanddevelopmentoftheircivilisatiouponfoundationsaltogetherfntothecultureofthepeopleofEurope.Thefnstudentofeseliterature,therefore,hasallthedisadvaooverewhichmustresultformthewantofunityofprimaryideasandnotions.Itwillbenecessaryforhim,notonlytoequiphimselfwiththesefnnotionsandideas,butalso,firstofall,tofindtheirequivalentsintheEuropelanguages,andiftheseequivalentsdo,todisiethem,andtoseetowhichsideoftheuniversalnatureofmantheseideasandnotionsmaybereferred.Take,forinstahoseesewordsofstantrecurreheClassidgenerallytranslatedintoEnglishas"benevolence,""justice,"and"propriety"(U).NoeetotaketheseEnglishwordstogetherwiththetext,wefeelthattheyarenotadequate:theydonototealltheideastheesewordstain.Again,theword"humanity,"isperhapsthemostexactequivalentfortheesewordtranslated"benevolence;"butthen,"humanity"mustbeuoodinasensedifferentfromitsidiomaticuseintheEnglishlanguage.Aventuresometranslatorwouldusethe"love"and&quhteousness"oftheBible,whichareperhapsasexactasanyother,havingregardbothforthesehewordsandtheidiomofthelanguage.Now,however,ifwedisieaheprimarynotionswhichthesewordsvey,totheuniversalnatureofma,atoheirfullsignifiamely,"thegood,""thetrue,"and"thebeautiful."

  But,moreover,theliteratureofanation,ifitistobestudiedatall,mustbestudiedsystematicallyandasoneectedwhole,andnmentarilyandwithoutplanororder,asithashithertobeendonebymostfnscholars."Itis,"saysMr.MatthewArnold,"itisthroughtheapprehensioherofallliterature,_theeoryofthehumanspirit,_orofasinglegreatliterarywork,asaectedwholethattherealpowerofliteraturemakesitselffelt."Nowhowlittle,wehaveseen,dothefnstudentsceivetheeseliteratureasawhole!Howlittle,therefore,dotheygetatitssignifice!Howlittle,infact,dotheyknowit!Howlittledoesitbeeapowerintheirhands,towardstheuandingofthecharacterofthepeople!Withtheexceptionofthelaboursgeandofowootherscholars,thepeopleofEuropeknowoftheeseliteratureprincipallythroughthetranslationsofnovels,ahesenot

  ofthebest,butofthemostonplaceoftheirclass.Justfancy,ifafojudgeoftheEnglishliteraturefromtheworksofMissRhhton,orthatclassofnovelswhithereadingstockofschool-boysandnursery-maids!ItwasthisclassofeseliteraturewhichSirThomasWademusthavehadinhismind,wheninhiswrathhereproachedtheesewith"tenuityofintellect."松语文学www.16sy.coM免费小说阅读

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